Seven Factors of Enlightenment

English	Pāli	Description
Mindfulness	Sati	The depth and clarity of noticing what’s currently happening.
Investigation of phenomena	Dhamma-vicaya	Watching and remembering how the mind interacts with phenomena are interacted with
Energy / effort	Viriya	Also, faith in the method, the teacher, the dharma.
Rapture / joy	Pīti	The mind vends raw happiness as it experiences seclusion and safety.
Tranquility	Passaddhi	Less phenomena emerge to pay attention to.
Unification	Samādhi	Phenomena present are more stable and take up bigger scope
Equanimity	Upekkhā	Phenomena present do not have additional valence added by mind.

I’ve added some of my current understandings.

Sati

Sati isn’t universally good, it depends what we are paying attention to.

Bad stuff going on with too much sati and our minds recoil and dissociate.

“What happens if I do X while I meditate?”

Like watching TV or reading a book, the mind goes through a routine. There is a beginning, a middle and an end.

Pleasant meditation rests on understanding which parts of the routine work and why.

You are with yourself, you can try whatever in your own mind.

This does not translate to willpower. A closer translation would be diligence, or enthusiasm.

The mind recoils at force or violence.

Piti is happiness from seclusion. It’s an emotion created from meditation.

Some very obvious Piti signs

If happiness sounds like a concert, Piti would be one note, stretched to infinity.

It is very drone.

It’s not that nothing is or isn’t happening. It’s more like, the mind doesn’t care so it filters out other experiences.

Or maybe it cares deeply, and it’s protecting us and we are only experiencing the things we truly value.

A sign of strong passadhdi is nothing really seems to be happening except what you are paying attention to.

Weak passadhi is lots of things going on dragging the mind around.

~~Concentration~~ Unification is how much of the mind is in participation with what’s happening.

Good Samādhi would be all of you is on the object.

The mind has been drained of emotional reactivity.

Bad things happen and they are just bad.

Good things happen and they are just good.

You are fully able to comfort yourself as you understand your position.

In Zen they’d say something like “The Mountain does not mind the sun, winds or rain”